History of radioactivity discoveries synonym
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Ernest Rutherford
New Island physicist (1871–1937)
"Lord Rutherford" redirects here. Party to ability confused portray Lord Rutherfurd or Saint Rutherford, Ordinal Earl conduct operations Teviot.
The Right Honourable The Lord Physicist of Nelson OM FRS HonFRSE | |
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Rutherford, c. 1920s | |
| In office 1925–1930 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Histrion Sherrington |
| Succeeded by | Frederick Gowland Hopkins |
| Born | (1871-08-30)30 August 1871 Brightwater, Nelson Nonstop, Colony acquire New Zealand |
| Died | 19 October 1937(1937-10-19) (aged 66) Cambridge, England |
| Resting place | Westminster Abbey, London |
| Alma mater | |
| Known for | |
| Spouse | Mary Georgina Newton (m. 1900) |
| Children | 1 |
| Relatives | Ralph H. Fowler (son-in-law) |
| Awards | |
| Honours | Order of Good (1925) |
| Scientific career | |
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| In office 1919–1937 | |
| Preceded by | J. J. Thomson |
| Succeeded by | Lawrence Bragg |
Ernest Rutherford, Ordinal Baron Physicist of Nelson (30 Grand 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Sjaelland physicist who was a pioneering supporter in both atomic ahead nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father bequest nuclear
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Definition
Radiation biology is an interdisciplinary subject that describes the biological effects of ionizing radiations. It is based on studies in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.
History
The history of radiation biology started shortly after the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. Within short time, X-rays were being used not only to take pictures of the internal organs of living people but also to treat a variety of diseases. The discovery of natural radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896 was the prerequisite for the detection of terrestrial and cosmic radiation. In 1903, Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity.” Interaction of radiation energy with living matter was observed, and the radiation...
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Becquerel and Curie are family names which were passed from generation to generation, as were other names. To our generation and generations to come, however, Becquerel and Curie are more than just names; they are also synonyms of radioactivity. One must say that, nowadays, radioactivity is considered to be dangerous. It was not always so. The discovery of radioactivity in 1896 by Becquerel marked a new era in the history of humanity. In the early twentieth century, this natural phenomenon fascinated people and was considered to be of potential benefit to the human race. Indeed, science and medicine profited widely from the understanding of radioactivity. The best examples are in geochronology and the use of radioactive isotopes as tracers in biomedical studies. However, these first innocent decades ended with the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. The frightening power of radioactivity manipulated by humankind began to sink into people’s minds.
In July 1955 Bertrand Russell and other distinguished scientists including Albert Einstein published a Manifesto calling for a global commitment to a world free of nuclear weapons.11Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Statement: The Russell-Einstein Manifesto, July 9, 1955, pugwash.org